void getSystemName()
{
	std::string vname;
	//先判断是否为win8.1或win10
	typedef void(__stdcall*NTPROC)(DWORD*, DWORD*, DWORD*);
	HINSTANCE hinst = LoadLibrary(L"ntdll.dll");
	DWORD dwMajor, dwMinor, dwBuildNumber;
	NTPROC proc = (NTPROC)GetProcAddress(hinst, "RtlGetNtVersionNumbers"); 
	proc(&dwMajor, &dwMinor, &dwBuildNumber); 
	if (dwMajor == 6 && dwMinor == 3)	//win 8.1
	{
		vname = "Microsoft Windows 8.1";
		printf_s("此电脑的版本为:%s\n", vname.c_str());
		return;
	}
	if (dwMajor == 10 && dwMinor == 0)	//win 10
	{
		vname = "Microsoft Windows 10";
		printf_s("此电脑的版本为:%s\n", vname.c_str());
		return;
	}
	//下面判断不能Win Server,因为本人还未有这种系统的机子,暂时不给出
 
 
 
	//判断win8.1以下的版本
	SYSTEM_INFO info;                //用SYSTEM_INFO结构判断64位AMD处理器  
	GetSystemInfo(&info);            //调用GetSystemInfo函数填充结构  
	OSVERSIONINFOEX os;
	os.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX);
	#pragma warning(disable:4996)
	if (GetVersionEx((OSVERSIONINFO *)&os))
	{
 
		//下面根据版本信息判断操作系统名称  
		switch (os.dwMajorVersion)
		{                        //判断主版本号  
		case 4:
			switch (os.dwMinorVersion)
			{                //判断次版本号  
			case 0:
				if (os.dwPlatformId == VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT)
					vname ="Microsoft Windows NT 4.0";  //1996年7月发布  
				else if (os.dwPlatformId == VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_WINDOWS)
					vname = "Microsoft Windows 95";
				break;
			case 10:
				vname ="Microsoft Windows 98";
				break;
			case 90:
				vname = "Microsoft Windows Me";
				break;
			}
			break;
		case 5:
			switch (os.dwMinorVersion)
			{               //再比较dwMinorVersion的值  
			case 0:
				vname = "Microsoft Windows 2000";    //1999年12月发布  
				break;
			case 1:
				vname = "Microsoft Windows XP";      //2001年8月发布  
				break;
			case 2:
				if (os.wProductType == VER_NT_WORKSTATION &&
					info.wProcessorArchitecture == PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64)
					vname = "Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 Edition";
				else if (GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2) == 0)
					vname = "Microsoft Windows Server 2003";   //2003年3月发布  
				else if (GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2) != 0)
					vname = "Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2";
				break;
			}
			break;
		case 6:
			switch (os.dwMinorVersion)
			{
			case 0:
				if (os.wProductType == VER_NT_WORKSTATION)
					vname = "Microsoft Windows Vista";
				else
					vname = "Microsoft Windows Server 2008";   //服务器版本  
				break;
			case 1:
				if (os.wProductType == VER_NT_WORKSTATION)
					vname = "Microsoft Windows 7";
				else
					vname = "Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2";
				break;
			case 2:
				if (os.wProductType == VER_NT_WORKSTATION)
					vname = "Microsoft Windows 8";
				else
					vname = "Microsoft Windows Server 2012";
				break;
			}
			break;
		default:
			vname = "未知操作系统";
		}
		printf_s("此电脑的版本为:%s\n", vname.c_str());
	}
	else
		printf_s("版本获取失败\n");
}

使用VS创建一个C#类库
写一个简单的int类型整数相加函数

调试生成TestDll.dll,然后新建一个C++的Win32控制台项目,直接生成解决方案,然后将C#生成的 TestDll.dll 放到C++项目目录中,并使用#using引用C#编写的DLL文件,使用using使用C#中你要使用的类所在的命名空间,然后使用C#中的类名生成一个对象并调用你要使用的函数,如下代码所示。

在编译之前应该右键项目名称->属性->配置属性->常规

将公共语言运行时支持从无公共语言运行时支持设置成公共语言运行时支持(/clr).

C++/CLI中使用gcnew关键字表示在托管堆上分配内存,并且为了与以前的指针区分,用^来替换* ,就语义上来说他们的区别大致如下:

1. gcnew返回的是一个句柄(Handle),而new返回的是实际的内存地址.

2. gcnew创建的对象由虚拟机托管,而new创建的对象必须自己来管理和释放.

#include "stdafx.h"
#include<windows.h>
#using "../Debug/TestDll.dll"
using namespace TestDll;
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	int sum,x,y;
	x = 10;
	y = 20;
	Class1 ^a = gcnew Class1();
	sum = a->demoAdd(x ,y);
	printf("%d+%d=%d\n",x,y,sum);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}
成功!

HMAC: Hash-based Message Authentication Code,即基于Hash的消息鉴别码

这周开始将图片上传、图片下载迁移到OSS上,在调用OSS的时候需要根据规则使用Hmac Sha1+BASE64对图片的一些数据进行计算token再上传,遇到了一个困扰一周的坑。

在生成token的规则中要求将sign_str加上一个换行符(\n)再进行Hmac Sha1计算,给的Python Demo如下:

sign_str = “{}?{}\n”.format( req_path , query_str )
b64_enc_sign_str = hash_hmac (sign_str , secret_key)

然后我直接在C++项目中

#include<openssl/hmac.h>

HMAC (EVP_sha1() , ch , strlen(ch) , data , dataLength , digest , &digest_len);

其中data是一个unsigned char*类型的数据,由字符串转化而来,而字符串的末尾加上了换行符,发现相同的加密串,相同的密钥,使用openssl中的Hmac和Python demo中的计算结果截然不同,然而都不加换行符的话计算结果则一模一样。

最后通过github寻找现成的Hmac_Sha1加密算法才得以解决。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
using namespace std;
unsigned long Rol(unsigned long x, int y);
unsigned long Ror(unsigned long x, int y);
unsigned long f(unsigned long B,unsigned long C,unsigned long D, int t);

unsigned long H[5];
unsigned long T[512]={0};
void HMAC(string text, string key);
void SHA1(string s);
// HMAC function
int i;
void HMAC(string text, string key)
{
	char c;
	string s;
	unsigned long Key[16] = {0};
	unsigned long X[16] = {0};
	unsigned long Y[16] = {0};
	unsigned long ipad = 0x36363636;
	unsigned long opad = 0x5c5c5c5c;
	int k;
	s = "";

	//Process string key into sub-key
	//Hash key in case it is less than 64 bytes
	if (key.length() > 64)
	{
		SHA1(key);
		Key[0] = H[0];
		Key[1] = H[1];
		Key[2] = H[2];
		Key[3] = H[3];
		Key[4] = H[4];
	}
	else
	{
		for(int i=0; i<16; i++)
		{
			for(int j=0; j<4; j++)
			{
				if (4*i+j <= key.length())
				{
					k = key[4*i+j];
				}
				else
				{
					k = 0;
				}
				if (k<0)
				{
					k = k + 256;
				}
				Key[i]= Key[i] + k*pow(256,(double)3-j);
			}
		}
	}

	for(int i=0; i<16; i++)
	{
		X[i] = Key[i]^ipad;
		Y[i] = Key[i]^opad;
	}

	//Turn X-Array into a String
	for(i=0; i<16; i++)
	{
		for(int j=0; j<4; j++)
		{
			c = ((X[i] >> 8*(3-j)) % 256);
			s = s + c;
		}
	}

	//Append text to string
	s = s + text;

	//Hash X-Array
	SHA1(s);

	s = "";

	//Turn Y-Array into a String
	for(i=0; i<16; i++)
	{
		for(int j=0; j<4; j++)
		{
			c = ((Y[i] >> 8*(3-j)) % 256);
			s = s + c;
		}
	}

	//Append Hashed X-Array to Y-Array in string
	for(i=0; i<5; i++)
	{
		for(int j=0; j<4; j++)
		{
			c = ((H[i] >> 8*(3-j)) % 256);
			s = s + c;
		}
	}

	//Hash final concatenated string
	SHA1(s);

}

// SHA-1 Algorithm
void SHA1(string s)
{
	unsigned long K[80];
	unsigned long A,B,C,D,E,TEMP;
	int r,k,ln;
	H[0]=0x67452301;
	H[1]=0xefcdab89;
	H[2]=0x98badcfe;
	H[3]=0x10325476;
	H[4]=0xc3d2e1f0;

	ln=s.length();
	r = int((ln+1)/64);

	if (((ln+1) % 64) > 56)
		{
		r=r+1;
		}

	// initialize Constants
	for(int t=0; t<80; t++)
		{
			if (t<20)
				{
					K[t] = 0x5a827999;
				}

			if ((t>19)&(t<40))
				{
					K[t] = 0x6ED9EBA1;
				}
			if ((t>39)&(t<60))
				{
					K[t] = 0x8F1BBCDC;
				}
			if (t>59)
				{
					K[t] = 0xca62c1d6;
				}
		}

	for(int l=0; l <= r; l++)
	{
		unsigned long W[80]={0};
		//Initialize Text
		for (int i=0; i<16; i++)
			{
			for(int j=0; j<4; j++)
				{
					if (4*i+j <= ln)
					{
						k = s[64*l+4*i+j];
					}
					else
					{
						k = 0;
					}

					if (k<0)
					{
						k = k +256;
					}

					if (4*i+j == ln)
					{
						k = 0x80;
					}

					W[i]= W[i] + k*pow(256,(double)3-j);
				}
			}
		if ((W[14]==0)&(W[15]==0))
		{
			W[15]=8*s.length();
		}

	// Hash Cycle

		for (int t = 16; t <80; t++)
			{
				W[t] = Rol(W[t-3]^W[t-8]^W[t-14]^W[t-16],1);
			}

		A = H[0];
		B = H[1];
		C = H[2];
		D = H[3];
		E = H[4];

		for(int t = 0; t < 80; t++)
		{
			TEMP = Rol(A,5) + f(B,C,D,t) + E + W[t] + K[t];
			E = D;
			D = C;
			C = Rol(B,30);
			B = A;
			A = TEMP;
		}

		H[0] = H[0] + A;
		H[1] = H[1] + B;
		H[2] = H[2] + C;
		H[3] = H[3] + D;
		H[4] = H[4] + E;

		ln = ln - 64;
	}

}

unsigned long f(unsigned long B,unsigned long C,unsigned long D, int t)
{
	if (t < 20)
		{
			return ((B & C)^((~B) & D));
		}
	if ((t > 19) & (t < 40))
		{
			return (B ^ C ^ D);
		}
	if ((t > 39) & (t < 60))
		{
			return ((B & C)^(B & D)^(C & D));
		}
	if (t > 59)
		{
			return (B ^ C ^ D);
		}
}


unsigned long Rol(unsigned long x, int y)
{
	if (y % 32 == 0) {return x;}
	else {return ((x << y)^(x >> -y));}
}

unsigned long Ror(unsigned long x, int y)
{
	if (y % 32 == 0) {return x;}
	else {return ((x >> y)^(x << -y));}
}
int main()
{
	HMAC("helloworld\n","q4mJAS777BUbbdVpEqh2XRcZZqNyDweU4GRnM690");
	int i = 0;
	for(i = 0;i < 5;i++)
	{
		printf("%.8X\n",H[i]);
	}
}

然后以为这一关就过了。。。然后在进行Base64加密的时候又遇到了一个坑。

给出的Python demo的代码如下:

b64_enc_sign_str = base64.b64encode( hmac_code ).decode()

然后我使用常规的Base64算法进行计算,又发现两个相同的字符串进行加密后得到的结果大相径庭。

最后在 https://1024tools.com/hmac 找到了原因,常规的Base64算法就像 https://blog.csdn.net/wo541075754/article/details/81734770 所说,而我们这里需要将HMAC计算返回的原始二进制数据后进行Base64编码。

首先将HMAC_Sha1加密得出的结果转换为二进制编码。

void CCommonFunction::HexToBin(CString hexDight , CString& binDight){
	binDight = "";
	int f = 0,c = 0;
	char e;
	for(int f = 0; f <= hexDight.GetLength() ; f++){
		e = hexDight[f];
		if(e >= 'a' && e <= 'f'){
			int a = static_cast<int>(e-'a'+10);
			switch(a){
				case 10 : binDight = binDight + "1010";
					break;
				case 11 : binDight = binDight + "1011";
					break;
				case 12 : binDight = binDight + "1100";
					break;
				case 13 : binDight = binDight + "1101";
					break;
				case 14 : binDight = binDight + "1110";
					break;
				case 15 : binDight = binDight + "1111";
					break;
			}
		}
		else if( e >= '0' && e <= '9'){
			int b = static_cast<int>(e-'0');
			if(f == 0){
			switch(b){
				case 0: 
					break;
				case 1: binDight = binDight + "1";
					break;
				case 2: binDight = binDight + "10";
					break;
				case 3: binDight = binDight + "11";
					break;
				case 4: binDight = binDight + "100";
					break;
				case 5: binDight = binDight + "101";
					break;
				case 6: binDight = binDight + "110";
					break;
				case 7: binDight = binDight + "111";
					break;
				case 8: binDight = binDight + "1000";
					break;
				case 9: binDight = binDight + "1001";
					break;		
			}
			}
			else{
				switch(b){
				case 0 : binDight = binDight + "0000";
						 break;
				case 1: binDight = binDight + "0001";
					break;
				case 2: binDight = binDight + "0010";
					break;
				case 3: binDight = binDight + "0011";
					break;
				case 4: binDight = binDight + "0100";
					break;
				case 5: binDight = binDight + "0101";
					break;
				case 6: binDight = binDight + "0110";
					break;
				case 7: binDight = binDight + "0111";
					break;
				case 8: binDight = binDight + "1000";
					break;
				case 9: binDight = binDight + "1001";
					break;		
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

然后判断二进制串是否是6的倍数,不是6的倍数的话在末尾补0直到该二进制串是6的倍数,然后每6位取一次6位的二进制串,转换为10进制,然后去Base64编码对照表中找出这个十进制数字对应的字符,将这些所有的字符拼接起来并在末尾加上一个固定的“=”即可,代码如下:

//Base64编码表
const  char Base64EncodeMap[64] =
{
	'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H',
	'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P',
	'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X',
	'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
	'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n',
	'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
	'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3',
	'4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/'
};

void CCommonFunction::BinToBase64(CString binStr , CString &base64Str)
{
	while(binStr.GetLength() % 6 != 0){
		binStr = binStr + "0";
	}
	base64Str = "";
	CString tmp = "";
	int index = 0;
	int num = 0;
	while(index < binStr.GetLength()){
		tmp = binStr.Mid(index , 6);
		index = index + 6;
		num = BinToDecInt(tmp);
		base64Str = base64Str + Base64EncodeMap[num];
	}
	base64Str = base64Str + "=";
}